When osteoarthritis affects the back it causes slow deterioration of the disks , or vertebrae, between the spine. This effectively narrows the spaces between the vertebrae. In addition, bone spurs often form. If bone surfaces rub together, the vertebral joints and areas around the cartilage become inflamed and painful. The spine will eventually stiffen and lose flexibility.

Osteoarthritis of the spine is classified as being either lumbar spine osteoarthritis or cervical spine (neck) osteoarthritis. Lumbar spine osteoarthritis causes pain in the lower spine and sacroiliac joint. Cervical spine osteoarthritis affects the upper spine, neck, shoulders, arms and head.

Repetitive trauma to the spine due to repetitive strains can lead to arthritis of the spine. Other causal factors are age, gender (more common in post-menopausal women), obesity, genetics and the presence of associated diseases, such as diabetes or gout.

The key to effectively living with spinal osteoarthritis is to get an accurate diagnosis and start early with proactive treatment. Treatments focus on pain reduction and the maintenance of joint mobility and flexibility.